CYCLIC LOADING TEST CONDUCTED ON THE BOTTOM JOINTS OF A HYBRID PRECAST UTILITY TUNNEL COMPOSED OF DOUBLE-SKIN SIDEWALLS AND A PRECAST BOTTOM SLAB

Cyclic Loading Test Conducted on the Bottom Joints of a Hybrid Precast Utility Tunnel Composed of Double-Skin Sidewalls and a Precast Bottom Slab

Four full-scale specimens were constructed, including two hybrid precast specimens with a haunch (height: 150 mm, PUT-H) and without a haunch (PUT).Additionally, two cast-in-place (CIP) comparative specimens (referred to as RUT-H and RUT) were included, all of which underwent reversed cyclic loading.The results showed that the four specimens suffer

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The effects of visitors and social isolation from a peer on the behavior of a mixed-species pair of captive gibbons

Abstract Human visitors affect the behavior of captive animals, which is the so-called visitor effect.The number and behavior of visitors may influence stress-related behaviors in captive animals, such as self-scratching, yawning, and visitor-directed vigilance.A social group setting can be applied to alleviate such negative visitor effects and fac

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